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The academic and public discourse about the state of human security in Zimbabwe in the post-2000 era, following the implementation of the radical land reform programme has received much attention from the practitioners and scholars emanating from disciplines such as Political Science, Public Administration, Peace and Security, inter alia. Most of the studies in this regard have been framed from a North[ern] angled perspective which is centred on Euro-American value systems. Despite this, a quick review of the existing scholarly and popular literature reveals that the state of human security during the period under review has not been uniformly understood. As such, this qualitative paper seeks to employ Afrocentricity as an alternative theoretical and contextual lens to reflect on the state of human security in Zimbabwe within the context of Mugabe’s downfall. The key argument of this paper is that Zimbabwe’s human security landscape can best be understood when located within the historical and African context. Regardless of the recent change of Presidency in Zimbabwe, the state of human security is still deplorable. This should be understood within the context that the setbacks in this regard cannot be reduced to an individual in the persona of Mugabe. Their complexity requires a multipronged strategy if a relevant and sustainable solution is to be found. 
Keywords: Human security, Mnangagwa, Mugabe, state, Zimbabwe.

Economy has always been an important part of every society. In primitive societies life was hard and filled with backbreaking toil. The work done in primitive economy was simple and for the fulfillment of immediate needs. Production was done solely for consumption purposes. The forces of production have been simple and the variations in day to day activities were least. The tasks were allocated to members according to the established social categories. There was not much specialization and the division of labour was simple in nature. The tasks were allocated on the basis of ascribed statuses like sex, age, caste, race etc. The same could be found in the Barad tribe of Punjab. The present paper highlights the ethnographic details of the traditional occupation of the Barads which has totally gone extinct. The occupation of Kanghi making which was their identity is no more prevalent. The modern forces have totally devastated their traditional occupations and have reduced them to mere labourers and other menial tasks. Hence the paper focuses on their rich traditional work and gives an insight about their organization of work in earlier times.
Keywords: Occupation, ethnography, traditional, tribe

There is no hyperbolism in the statement that almost seven decades after its issue, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is still more a dream than reality. Violations exist in every part of the world. In India Fundamental Rights mentioned in Part III are justiciable under the constitution, and the Directive Principles are not justiciable rights and their non-compliance cannot be taken as a claim for enforcement against the State. This paper examines tensions in implementing human rights education in schools in India specially in the state of Delhi.Almost all schools and universities in India include human right education in their curricula yet effective inclusion is a task. This paper examines the rise of human rights education and analyzes its potential for positive change. It also considers inherent challenges faced by educators and efforts required by teachers to reconcile tensions while facing limited resources. The methodology adopted in this research is secondary empirical and analytical. and includes analysis of relevant legal instruments (both international and national, consisting of treaties, agreements conventions etc. apart from the national legislations), judicial decisions, articles, and data related to human rights education and human rights violations for the state of Delhi The research shall project the reasons of the lack of human value education in India and the challenges faced by authorities and society at large.
Keywords: Human Rights, Education, Challenges, teachers, Society.

The life of a Dalit is always pitiful and they lack in the basic needs like food, shelter and clothes. Being the original inhabitant of the land the Dalits lost their rights and self-respect. They were demeaned in the name of religion and caste. Dalit as a community has their own culture, religion, language and lifestyle. Though they were not powerful in the initial days by writing scriptures but they had a powerful art form. The art form was two sided one side it provided the form of entertainment and on the other side it asserted the minds of the Dalits. Through street plays, Jalsas, folk dance, drama and songs the Dalits had strong messages to be conveyed to their people with rich oral tradition. Through Dalit literature the unrepresented silence is voiced out and the writers are bringing out the real life of a Dalit into light their pain and suffering are brought out to make the people realize that how human being was so mean to do injustice to his own fellow being. The preposition of the paper will deal with the life of mala and madiga the Dalits of Andhra Pradesh through the novel Untouchable Spring. Their rich art forms, discrimination, sufferings faced are being registered in this paper.
Keywords: Dalits, Poverty, folk art, discrimination.

The caste hierarchy in an Indian village is ubiquitous fact with having explicable metaphors for each of them. Villagers regard the castes as higher or lower than one another in precedence and esteem thereby forming a hierarchy of castes. Overall the entire caste group in the village can be termed as high, medium, and low. However, this en bloc category having themselves with different caste and sub-caste group which occurring with the hierarchy provision among themselves. However, while looking the individual caste or jati hierarchy in the particular village one come across different metaphors. With the coming of the new agrotechnology there are observable changes happens in the caste and class of rural culture with the addition of socio-economic status of particular jati group. With the above background and taking some secondary sources with ethnographic field work, the present paper highlights some changes in understanding, manifestation, and overview of caste and class concept with the advent of new agro-technology in rural India. Authors found that there is on going process of jati hierarchy and distinct expressive behaviour among the lower caste group in the village.
Keyword: Agricultural technology, culture of agriculture, caste hierarchy, agrarian change.

The first British ship ‘Hectar’ touched the coast of India at Surat, more than 400 years ago in A.D. sixteen hundred. They remained in India for more than 350 years till the country became independent in the year 1947. Initially, they came as traders and subsequently rose to the status of the ruling class in the subcontinent. This was all due to the outstanding contribution of the British Colonial Administrative Personnel to the Colonial Administration in India. The present paper attempts to highlight the contribution of the various British Administrative Personnel who happened to serve in India during the British rule. This paper specifically deals with the contribution made by the British Administrative Personnel with regard to Central India. It was a unique feature with the British Administration in India that before entering any area, they wanted to have detailed information about the country and its people whom they had to administer. Most of the British officers of the Indian Civil Service, belonged to the higher aristocratic stratum of the British Society. They were all well-educated and had a flare for intellectual pursuits alongside their normal administrative duties. At times, their reports and accounts, are pieces of literature and poetry. The picturesque tribal areas of this subcontinent, luxuriant forests, tribal virtues, their dancing, their songs and laughter, their zest, zeal and joyous life, their delight and distress, their sufferings and privations, this all taken together, attracted the British Colonial Administrative officers to reduce their empirical impressions in black and white. Consequently, such a venture had been instrumental in producing a lot of material on tribal way of life which ultimately paved the way for efficient governance at the hands of the Raj.
Keywords: Colonial Administrative Personnel; the tribal way of life; efficient governance; role of administrators; systematic and coordinated efforts; ethnological accounts; aboriginal problems; the Central Provinces.

It is an inveterate fact that communication style is one of the critical influencer in all sorts of the personal and public dealings. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of religion and gender on communication style preferences in National Capital Region (NCR) of India. The communities of NCR Hindu, Muslim & Sikhs are considered for study. A comprehensive survey was conducted and a specifically designed communication questionnaire was used to collect data. The respondents (n = 915) consists of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community. The gathered data was analysed and interpreted by using Hierarchical multiple regression method. The interaction terms were incorporated in regression model in order to understand the marginal effect of independent variables. This comprehensive study provides an understanding on how religion and gender inculcate different communication approaches. The finding of this study can be of interest for communicators to understand and take into consideration the criticality of religion and gender while interacting in a business setting. This is one of the unique study on the influence of religion and gender on communication style preferences.
Keywords: Communication, Culture, Religion, Regression, Business.

Tribes are occupying a major area in India. On account of the standardization of medical field it is quite difficult for Indians to look into the old medicinal practices followed by the ancient tribes. This shows how the economically downtrodden and ancient culture inherited members are not given due consideration in the society. This article is a case study of the tribes, especially women, living in the southern part of Tamilnadu in remote areas and their livelihood and further represents the extinction of the natural medicines of the forest produce along with them. It further throws light on how to bring effective changes in their life by representing the government practices and schemes exclusively meant for them. Further it explores other aspects of developing their livelihood even in the forest by the effective deployment of technological assistance.
Keywords: Anthropology, medication, urban, rural women.

This paper examines how the identity and transformation in Bharati Mukerjee’s novel ‘Jasmine’ explores diasporal manifestations. In recent times, the post-colonial ‘Diaspora Writing’ principally concerns with the themes such as marginalization, resistance, racism, ethnicity, adaptability and self-independence. Bharati Mukherjee’s novel ‘Jasmine’ showcases the problems of women and particularly the problems of cross-cultural crisis and quest for identity. The transformation of identities presented in this novel much closer to diasporal dreams. Her quest for identity and admiration for Americanness transcends into run-of-the-mill issues in the novel. Bharati Mukherjee’s recognition as a ‘voice’ of expatriate immigrant sensibility and the unresolved dilemma of modern woman has been evidently presented in ‘Jasmine’. In this context, “Identity and Transformation: Manifestations of Diaspora in Bharati Mukherjees’s Jasmine” attempts to reveal distinctive approach to expatriatehood as a metaphysical experience of exile and explores manifestations of diaspora through the protagonist’s search for identity and transformation in this novel.
Keywords: Diaspora, gender, Americanness, quest for identity, independence, revolt and transformation.
 

Arundhati Roy the notable Indian writer in English has proved her writing through the unique work The God of Small Things which got Man Booker Prize Award in 1997. This article discusses on the linguistic part of her writing where the author excels in using her literary techniques to support her ideas and to strengthen the situation. She has employed techniques like Repetition and single word Experiment to express more effectively. Though Arundhati Roy has utilized the existing literary devices, yet she has received the great recognition for her innovativeness in style and technique. It is really difficult for non-native writer of English to master over the linguistic devices.
Keywords: Linguistic, innovativeness, techniques, repetition, experiment.

The study aims to find out the local culture of breastfeeding on Samin tribe and its effect on the childhood cognitive development. The cognitive development of early childhood analysis was performed on all 32 children in Samin tribe who were studying in kindergarten. The research used quantitative approach and then it followed by the qualitative method. The research results found the local culture of Samin tribe community had a negative impact on the fulfillment of breast milk for their children. The demand for breast milk in Samin tribe was low. The local community believes that after one-month-old, a child unites with nature. Therefore, breast milk usually is given to the baby only for one month. This condition leads to an adverse impact on the childhood cognitive development.
Keywords: Local culture, Samin tribe, Breastfeeding, Cognitive.

This article represents the history of research of Kazakh art and folklore during thelast 3 Centuries. There are short descriptions of the old and new research paradigms their proses and cons. Moreover, that article presents the results of both the old and contemporary research of the Kazakh art and folklore. The number of various symbols and images in Kazakh folklore demonstrate the features and unique color of the Kazakh culture. As a result of our philosophical research, we would represent the anthropological reconstruction of the whole development of the Kazakh art through the centuries. This overview highlights the main points, in which the image of the Kazakh art development was influenced by the other cultures and researchers itself. Moreover, it would compare the differences between old research approaches and the ethnomusicological approach, which, from our opinion, provides better method to studying the development of art and folklore music genres in different cultures.
Keywords: Kazakh art, Kazakh folklore, ethnomusicology, symbols in art, history of the art research.

A festival, which unleashes the ‘Shakti’ by Goddess Durga over the Demon God ‘Mahisaasura’ to win the good over the evil. Manifestation of Goddess Durga is done as we plunge into the secret and sacred ways of making the idol of Goddess Durga ready before the puja commences. Purpose: The article highlights about the mysterious and tenebrous side of formation of Goddess Durga idol during Durga Puja. Design/Methodology: It is a descriptive review where the difficulties and hindrances are highlighted as far as Goddess Durga idol formation is concerned.
Research Limitations: Lack of empirical data and the study is limited to theoretical aspects.
Practical Implications: Implied to age old traditional customs, belief which is still practiced in Bengal and some parts of Assam.
Originality: This is the authentic paper looking at Goddess Durga idol formation theoretically in
religious aspects.
Keywords: Goddess Durga, Idol, Punya mati

The last two decades have witnessed momentous shifts in the policies of urban development in India. For instance, the earlier policies of ‘slum removal’, ‘slum relocation’, and ‘slum resettlement’ have, in theory, been remodelled as in-situ redevelopment and in-situ up gradation. This shift corresponds to similar policy changes in many other countries of the global south, notably in Latin America, South Asia and Africa which underwent transition to a neo-liberal model of urban redevelopment. This shift was largely guided by the dominant international discourse advocating the ‘formalising of informal’ and ‘legalising of illegal’. With respect to the housing for urban poor, it translates into providing them with security of tenure and ownership rights. In India, the ‘Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission’ (JNNURM) was launched by the UPA government as a key driverto push the neo-liberalagenda of creating slum free cities in 2009 which was reintroduced by the NDA government in 2014, with a new nomenclature, the ‘Smart City Mission’. In 2008, a flagship housing scheme, viz., the Rajiv Ratn Awas Yojna (RRAY) was pre-launched under the aegis of JNNURM with the explicit purpose of rehabilitating the slum dwellers in Delhi. Based on a long ethnographic study and ‘right to the city’ perspective (Harvey, 1982 and Lefebvre 1991), my paper narrates the experiences of the beneficiaries of this housing scheme, resettled at Bawana Industrial District on the North Wes periphery of Delhi. It also, revisits Delhi’s slum rehabilitation policy timeline to contextualise these experiences in a state sponsored neoliberal urban regime. The paper, thus, deconstructs the ‘myth’ of rehabilitation in the urban planning and policy discourse.