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Expatriate income has become one of the major driving forces of the economy in many developing countries. This study investigates the role of remittances and economic growth on financial development for five highest remittance recipient economies in South Asia for the period of 1995 to 2020. Results from panel-data estimation techniques exhibit a positive relation between remittance and financial development in these countries. The results from Granger-causality tests suggest that remittance plays a catalyst role to bring financial development but financial development doesn’t play any role to bring remittance while Dumitrescu Hurlin Causality tests found a bidirectional relationship. The findings of the study are significant for all the selected countries. The study suggests that the inflow of remittances may be increased through the improving institutional set-ups, which may lead to the financial development in the selected countries of the study.

Keywords: Remittances, Economic Growth, Financial Development, Panel-Data Analysis

Financial development has been identified as main drivers of economic growth. However, empirical probe of this nexus remains inconclusiveness due use of an inappropriate proxy by previous studies, and the inability of previous studies to consider globalization in this nexus. To this end, we probe the finance-growth nexus in the presence of globalization by applying the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to a sample of 21 countries spanning 1990–2017. The empirical results affirm the supply-leading hypothesis which indicates that financial development spur economic growth. In addition, our estimate provides evidence of a positive linear relationship between globalization and economic growth. Further, results indicate that physical capital investment plays an important role in accelerating economic performance of African economies. Based on these findings, it is important for African countries to promote globalization-financial development policies in order to have access to alternative sources of external financing and attract foreign investment that can spur growth of African countries.

Keywords: Financial Development, Globalization, Economic Growth, Pooled Mean Group and African Countries.

JEL Code: F60, G20, O40.

With the things go towards information security in mobile banking, measuring and evaluating the status of information security have become one of the key goals for researchers and practitioners. Basically, when it is related to mobile banking view point- whereas considering the security of customers it becomes practically important to address information security of mobile banking. Despite mobile applications being at the frontier of mobile computation technologies, security issues pose a threat to their adoption and diffusion. Recent studies suggest that security violations could be mitigated through improved security behaviors and attitudes, not just through better technologies. Therefore, in this paper some aspects are suggested to maximize information security in mobile banking. Results of multiple regression suggest that Reliable security measure and perceive trust improvement significantly affect self-efficacy and performance (SEP) expectancy of using mobile banking. Results of correlation also support the result of multiple regression. This research highlights the significance of user perceptions of security by examining the content of the security policies of mobile banking for customers’ levels. Different security features are discussed that considerably improve upon existing mobile banking systems and allow for seamless integration of our system in the current smart phone context. Appendix A shows different information security improvement issues.

Keywords: Mobile banking, Risk, Security, Privacy, Security measurement, self-efficacy.

This article develops to focus the protection of natural resources and knowledge of five indigenous fishermen communities in Bangladesh as well as addressing the miracle development model of Saemaul Undong (SMU) of South Korea for accelerating their socioeconomic development. There are more than 30 indigenous fishermen communities who traditionally resourceful on fishing as their chief sources of livelihoods in the past. Due to pouring the natural wetlands, involvement of non-indigenous fishermen in fishing, lack of diligence, self-help and cooperation now they are shifting their traditional  occupations at an alarming rate and running their livelihood with very measurable economic condition. The objectives of the study are to assess present situation, key barriers, identifying the core areas for recovering their resource through addressing SMU. Based on sample survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), PEST, SWOT analysis and information collected on SMU of Republic of South Korea, this paper has been prepared. For this purpose 250 respondents from the five communities were selected randomly. For combating extreme poverty and hunger, these communities can be empowered by using proper natural resources and knowledge through diligence, self-help and cooperation of SMU. The findings of this paper can help the policy maker of Global Saemaul Development Network (GSDN) with a number of directions for formulating future strategies for recovering resource that will eradicate extreme poverty and hunger among the fishermen of these indigenous communities.

Keywords: indigenous fishermen; extreme poverty; livelihoods; saemaulundong; rural development.

Liberalization around the world from last couple of decades has led to increase in trade between different countries. Many factors like common language, culture, tradition and comparative advantage have contributed to rapid growth of trade around the World. Like other countries India and Iran have taken many steps to improve their bilateral trade. The rapid growth and increased energy demand in India and Irans attempt to improve trade relations with neighbouring countries have led to enhanced trade between these countries. The increased trade volume can be contributed to imports to Iran than exports from India which has led to huge trade deficit of latter. The present study attempts to analyze comparative advantage of India so that in long run trade deficit can be minimized if not eliminated completely. The trade according to comparative advantage can lead to efficient utilization of resources and economic growth over the period of time.

Keywords: Trade relations, Trade composition, Necular program, Comparative advantage

Trade protection measures are considered an ambiguous tool among policymakers and economists for the well-being of the nation. Trade protection measures are imposed deliberately to limit imports and support domestic industry for the promotion and localization of export through tariff or non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Despite supporting free trade for regional integration and trade openness, protectionism is still a commonly practiced strategy. Due to inelastic demand for imports, Pakistan has witnessed an increasing trend in imports of consumer and intermediate goods both of which are hurting local industry while increasing the trade deficit. Hence, domestic industries are forced to reduce their output and workers due to the growing demand for imported goods. Now, under the new tariff regime, duty-free imported goods are also facing import duties due to the pretext of countervailing and anti-dumping duties. This could be done to protect domestic industries, however; such measures are often ineffective in the case of Pakistan. The main objective of this study is to evaluate trade protection measures in revitalization domestic industry while focusing textile (garments) sector. The findings indicate that trade protection could help to foster this sector due to export competitiveness, however; inefficiency has increased whereas; export growth is stagnant. Trade protectionism policies have not provided a significant impact that may improve the performance of the Textile sector. Despite protections and favors from the government, recent facts are not encouraging regarding textile exports which shows that the industry is not operating with full potential. It would be better to support the textile industry and boost exports, government must look for some other incentives rather than providing protection which also affects the efficiency of the industry. Meanwhile; import constraints on raw material and intermediate goods should be relaxed otherwise it may hamper the competitiveness of downstream producers and raise inefficiencies in domestic industries. All stakeholders and policymakers must formulate policies and regulator stance on the intention which have been defined for growth. For the long-term export growth, diversification of export should be an ultimate goal which is an appropriate policy response.

Keywords: Trade Protections, Tariffs, Nontariffs, Textile, Prescriptive analysis