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The Venture Builder (VB) approach is a growing model to support startups in their earlier efforts. Even though this method appears to be proliferating quickly, little is known regarding its value and the differences between the VB and Venture Capital (VC) Investment Funds. There are also few studies about the importance of the various aspects of the VB methodology to increase new ventures’ success and to reduce investment risks. The objective of this article is to compare the return on investment of VC Investment Funds and a German VB, the Rocket Internet. The methodology used is a multiple case study. From the results it was possible to infer that ceteris paribus the VB has a greater IRR in relation to VC Investment Funds.

Keywords: Innovation, Venture Capital Fund, Venture Builder, Return on Investment.

JEL codes: G24 – Investment Banking • Venture Capital • Brokerage • Ratings and Ratings Agencies

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of CAMELS components on the financial performance of Indian commercial banks. To fulfill the objectives of the study,secondary data were collectedfor the fiscal year 2016 to 2021 from four public sector and four private sector banks based on their market capitalization. To analyse the data two econometric models are constructed using return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as proxies for commercial banks’ financial performance as dependent variables and six CAMELS’s key indicators (capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning quality, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk)as independent variables. To determine the extent to which the independent variables have an effect on the dependent variable, panel ordinal least square regression with their assumption has been used. The findings of the study revealed that the financial performance of Indian banking sector as evaluated by ROA and ROE is statistically and significantly affected by capital adequacy, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk, whereas asset quality, managerial efficiency and earning quality is found to have insignificant impact on the financial performance of Indian commercial banks. In order to perform better, it is suggested that the commercial banks should focus more on the variables that have a substantial impact on their financial performance.

Keywords: Random effect, ROA, ROE, liquidity, sensitivity to market risk, CAMELS.

Sustainable, and inclusive economic growth could be achieved with the major contribution of skills, knowledge, and innovation, commonly known as human capital formation through the provision of a good education and training system, training development, better health sector infrastructure, a large diffusion of knowledge in the manufacturing and service sector, and a great effort to create a researchintensive agricultural economy. Indian economy lacks a number of these growth pretakeoff conditions. Employing neoclassical augmented Solow growth theory as the theoretical framework and using panel methodology, the study investigated the role of human capital resources as a factor in stimulating output growth in India. The findings showed that human capital formation was positive and significant to Indian economic growth. The results reveal that spending on human capital formation and public investment should be a priority for a government interested in improving economic outcomes. Consumer spending may not translate into economic growth since it will affect mainly the demand side of the economy. The results further suggest that boosting budget allocation in human capital formation and infrastructure development can enhance i ts complementary role with private investment and stimulate economic growth. The government should increase its investment in areas that are beneficial to the private sector and move away from those that compete with it or crowd it out. This study argues that policies and strategies that advocate for accelerated public investment in human capital development will promote productivity growth and further stimulate resilient economic growth in the Indian economy.

Keywords: Human capital; economic growth; education; health.

JEL Classification: C33; F63; H51; H52;I15;I25

This study investigated the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1991-2021. The specific objectives of the study were: determine the impact of rural savings mobilization on the gross domestic product in Nigeria, to investigate the impact of bank loans to rural economy on the gross domestic product in Nigeria, and to find out bank lending rate to farmers on the gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study used time series data sources from the CBN statistical Bulletin. The study adopted the ex post facto research design and employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analyze the results. The empirical result indicates that banks’ rural savings mobilization financial inclusion has significant positive impact on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria, bank loans to rural economy has significant positive impact on the real gross domestic product (economic growth) in Nigeria, and bank lending rate to farmers has negative but insignificant impact on the gross domestic product in Nigeria. The policy recommendations following the findings are: there is need for a strategic policy approach to entrenching financial technology innovations and the provision of financial services (loan facilities) to rural population as it contributes to improving the performance of the aggregate economy, there is need to improve the ability of rural banks in mobilizing savings, this will further the savings culture of rural dwellers, boost rural investments and impact positively on the aggregate economy, and financial institutions should be mandated to devise a lending a special lending rate that enhances the access of rural dwellers to credits and other financial services, this will improve financial inclusion penetration and advance economic growth of the country.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, ARDL

The purpose of this study is to examine the economic challenges faced by the Indian economy in the past 12 years and the strategies implemented to overcome them, particularly in the context of the recent crisis and recession. A qualitative research design used, incorporating both secondary data sources, such as government reports, academic journals, and expert interviews. The Economic statistics like the Consumer Price Index, GDP, Gross Savings and Investment Rates, Trade Ratio of GDP, Share of Manufacturing and Industry in GDP, and Bank NPA used to understand the causes of the slowdown. The findings reveal that the Indian economy has faced significant challenges in recent years, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a decline in economic growth, consumer spending, investment, and exports. However, the study also discovered that the Indian economy has shown resilience in overcoming these challenges, with a rebound in 2021 due to government and monetary policy measures. The study evidenced that still India swing under the semi weak efficiency form economy and market. The Indian economy have significant social implications, affecting the livelihoods of millions and having a ripple effect on the wider economy.

Keywords: Indian Economy, Economic Challenges, Management Strategies, Crisis and Recession, COVID-19 Pandemic, Economic Growth, Consumer Spending, Investment, Exports, Policymakers.

JEL Codes: E32, E62, O23, O24.

Agriculture is a major economic activity in India. Green revolutions lead the Indian agriculture towards the modern mechanization and rapid growth. The modern mechanization of Indian agriculture is being held responsible for energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in agriculture sector. The present paper explore the association among carbon emission, fertilizers consumption, food grain production and total cropped area in India from the period 1971 to 2022.The Augmented DickeyFuller test has employed to check stationarity of data. The OLS method and granger causality test has been applied to check the relation among the variables. The results indicate that the fertilizers consumption and food grain production positively effects the carbon dioxide emission while the total cropped area negatively impact the carbon dioxide emission further the all the variables are statistically significant except fertilizer consumption.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide Emission, Agriculture Productivity, Energy Consumption, Granger Causality test

JEL Classification: Q15, Q50

Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine and the probable loss of Ukrainian exports could have a significant impact on global food prices. Developing countries that rely on food imports are the most vulnerable to food insecurity. They modify their consumption and trade patterns in response to price signals, whereas exporting countries increase production to meet demand. To prevent global food insecurity, we must be a part of our neighbors; by cuttingedge innovators leading the way to a new future of plantbased consumers. This research aims to improve global food security by developing a mathematical model that focuses on boosting the nutritional value of baked products made from a variety of grain crops while reducing dependency on wheat and lowering its cost.

Keywords: Strengthen food security (SFS) as a mathematical model consists of two models: the first maximizes nutritional value, and the second minimizes production costs to strengthen food security (SFS).

The study was carried out to examine determinants of earnings quality of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. This was premised on the unprecedented corporate failures and falsified financial statements of many companies across the globe. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Seventeen (17) listed consumer goods companies were selected purposively from a population of twenty two (22) companies listed by Nigerian Stock Exchange Group as at 31st December, 2021. The selected companies were those with up to date financial data required for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The dependent variable Earnings Quality (EQ) was arrived at using modified Jones model. Four (4) determinants of EQ were modeled (Leverage, managerial ownership, firm size and liquidity) as the regressors. Results of the analysis revealed that leverage had a negative and significant effect (????= 0.31052; t= 2.7867, p – value =0.004< 0.05) on earnings quality, managerial ownership had a positive but in significant effect (????????= 0.122705; t= 1.0409, p – value =0.3001 > 0.05) on earnings quality, firm size and liquidity had positive and significant effect (????????= 0.571090; t= 2.0374, p – value =0.0039; ????????= 0.104974, t= 3.0703, p – value =0.0027<0.05) on EQ of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria over the period of the study. It was concluded from the findings that high leverage is inimical to earnings quality and enhanced recommended that managers of consumer goods companies restrict the usage of excessive debts in managing the businesses as well as paying special attention to liquid assets as this impact positively on EQ.

Keyword: Earnings Quality, managerial ownership, firm size, liquidity

Massive level of transformation witnessed across Indian financial sector, resulted in ace payment technologies, which when adopted in a strategic manner can be a potential driver towards catalysing the actualization of digital economies and certain Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Considering the reach of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), they can be used as a pedestal to attain SDGs through integration of digital payment system within their business model. While studies exist that inspect the impact of various financial innovation on economic growth, only a few have focus on its impact on the sustainable advantage of MSMEs. The dearth of empirical studies, therefore, dictates the need of this study, to overcome the shortcomings of existing literature. In this study we use structural equation modelling. The results revealed that adoption of digital payment have a positive and significant influence on sustainable advantage, with information accessibility having moderating impact between this relationship.