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This paper aims to explore the past studies that relate to corporate reputation and employee retention of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, this study revolves around the Iraqi universities to obtain similar objective as the past studies. This paper is based on secondary sources, which are accumulated from many types of research in the USA, Canada, the UK, Indonesia, European, Nigerian, Japanese, China, Pakistan, and Jordan. The study uses information that had been accumulated during the review of various literatures to address the topic. Empirical analysis source are significant evidence to support an affirmative relationship between the corporate reputation and employee retention. The evidence revealed that corporate reputation leads to the increment of employee’s retention in Nigeria Banking sector of the economy. This outcome indicated that there is a positive relationship between corporate reputation and employee retention. As this study intentionally focuses on the connection concerning the corporate reputation and employee retention of the workers in deposit money banks in Nigeria, therefore, the outcome of this study will significantly assist the deposit money banks to enhance their ability to retain workers to meet the current and future competition. The study will also provide several important insights to strengthen the understanding of corporate reputation in developing economies and their impacts on retaining employee in the setting of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Therefore, from the empirical evidence it concluded that corporate reputation is a major employee retention strategy in the organization. It recommends that corporate reputation should be considered most important indicator while designing retention strategy in the organization.

Key Words: Corporate Reputation, Employee Retention, Job Security, Compensation Strategy, Work and Family Life.

IFRS have become an internationally accepted accounting standards in alarge number of countries in the world. Although the benefits of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards have always been a subject of intense research in developed countries, the study of benefits of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in emerging countries still limited. This study aims to examine the perceived benefits of the adoption of IFRS in Saudi Arabia as one of emerging countries from the perspective of preparers of financial statements. The study is a brief survey that sought to collect field data on preparers’ perceptions of the benefits of IFRS adoption in Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondents have agreed with most statements that present the benefits of IFRS adoption. Respondents agreed that the most important benefits of adopting IFRS are: using one integrated set of accounting standards when preparing financial statements, better access to capital including from foreign sources, easier comparability of financial data across borders, increasing the credibility of domestic markets to foreign capital providers and using one consistent reporting standards set in subsidiaries from different countries. This study contributes to the body of research on the benefits of IFRS adoption in emerging countries.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, IFRS, Accounting, Emerging Countries.

Unemployment has affected sustainable economic growth in most underdeveloped countries of Africa. At the moment, unemployment rate has become quite alarming and as such, the issue has become a serious menace to most development experts. Very worrisome is the fact that the Nigerian situation is that of rapid population growth, low level of employment and a deficient labour and product market structure. In an empirical examination of the validity of Okun’s law in Nigeria using time series data between 1970 and 2018 and applying the Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach to examine the existence oflong run linkages among selected macroeconomic variables and their relative impact on economic growth, it was gathered that, while the unemployment rate is high in Nigeria, there is relatively high economic growth which invalidates the application of the Okun’s law in Nigeria. Policy recommendation is for the government activities aimed at promoting economic performance in the Nigeria begeared towards employment creation for the people. The government should also establish programmes for skill development which will invariably lead to self-employment and agricultural mechanization.

Keywords: Unemployment, Economic Growth, Nigeria, ARDL.

JEL Classification: E24, J3, J29

This paper examines dimensions of the employment challenge in India from a gender lens. We find an unprecedented decline in the number of workers for the first time since independence due to a substantial reduction in rural female work participation. A closer look at the data for the period 2004-05 to 2017-18 shows a consistent decline in female work participation in India while male work participation more or less remained constant; the worrying part is rural women from poorest, vulnerable, illiterate, Dalit and Muslim communities have borne the disproportionate brunt of job loss. There has been a massive reduction in female workers in the unpaid family labour category of self employment and casual labour, in agriculture, manufacturing and the informal sector, especially in rural areas. Although, female workers have also gained in new employment opportunities created in regular salaried jobs, formal jobs and in service sector. However, gains to female workers are very small compared to gains to their male counterpart and could not offset their net loss in agriculture, manufacturing and in the informal sector. On average, female workers are paid a significantly lower wage than male workers, even in the regular salaried jobs. On detailed examination of those who were not in the labour market, we found that around 60 per cent of working age women in India were engaged in ‘domestic duties’ category in 2017-18. These are clear sign of female worker’s deteriorating condition in India’s labour market with strong social dimensions. Therefore, the paper argues for a blend of ‘Active and passive’ labour market policies to address multifaceted challenges of the gender gap in India’s labour market and ensure access to decent jobs and to protect these vulnerably placed women workers.

Key words: Gender inequality, quality of jobs, informalisation, labour market segregation, wage inequality.

This paper investigates the nature and the presence of bubbles in financial markets. We find in the existence literature the answer of the following question: what are bubbles? Are they consistent with rationality? Can they have real effects? How do they behave? What are implications of transversality condition? What methods have been used to detect them? We found that, many debates rose to know whether price "bubbles" ever existed. Financial economists and market participants often hold quite different views about the price of an asset. The "pro-bubble" side is largely supported by some hedge fund managers and some policy-makers. While on the other side, a number of academic economists are skeptical of the bubbles theory. We have also found that, bubbles likely have real effects on economy. In particular, price spikes on commodities would adversely affected the social welfare of consumers, especially those in developing countries.

Keywords: Rationality and bubble, rational bubbles, transversality condition, reel effect of bubbles, detecting bubbles.