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The magnitude of this study comprises the significance of knowledge about the volatility of exchange rate in Indian currency market. Exchange rate plays an imperative role in the working of foreign exchange market. The major functions of foreign exchange market include transfer of finance and purchasing power of one country to another; provide credit assistance for international trade and also helps in buying and selling of spot and forward foreign exchange. Knowledge of the exchange rate volatility and the reasons behind its instability is also important in making various international trade and investment decisions. Thus, it is very essential to analyse and forecast the exchange rate volatility of the Rupee against US Dollar for the benefits of international investors; Indian currency market, in order to regulate the functions appropriately and other related institutions. To find the causality relationship between the exchange rate i.e., USD/ INR and the macroeconomic variables taken in the study i.e., sensex, crude oil, imports, exports, bank rate.

Keywords: Indian currency market, international trade and investment decisions, international investors

In India, the sources of energy availability to the human development has been advocated since independence, so much so that the adequate quantity and quality of electricity, and measured by per capita consumption, is associated in most economies as a key Human Development Index. It is expected that the nation, which is already in the forefront of urbanization and industrialization in the country, proposes to be a global hub of manufacturing. Such a vision, if continued by successive governments, will leads to a scenario where the demand for electricity is most likely to increase year after year for decades. This Paper attempts to identify the sources of electrical energy in India. The growth of agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors has been possible to modify the energy in every year and also utilization of new technologies in their production. As a result, the electrical energy is leads to greater importance for agriculture and farmers have better control over the availability of energy for productive oriented. Based on the utilization of the energy the audit reports of various departments such as agriculture, corporate and Government etc., and electric utilities are some time at variance in all field. This paper highlights the need for the electricity and strategy for optimum utilization of resource like electrical energy and renewable energy in India and it’s bringing into the plan of action to the corporate and government in India for sustainability.

Keyword: Electrical Energy, Agriculture, Energy Consumption, Energy utility, Renewable

The ease of doing business index is meant to measure regulations directly affecting business and does not directly measure more general conditions such as nations proximity to large markets, quality of infrastructure ,inflation or crime. A nation’s ranking on the index is based on the average of ten such sub indices. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business, from 1–190. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. The rankings are determined by sorting the aggregate scores on 10 topics, each consisting of several indicators, giving equal weight to each topic. India’s rank in ease of doing business is 63 out of 190 nations. Regarding 10 indicators, India ranks 136 in starting a business, dealing with construction permits rank is 27, getting electricity rank is 22. But the worst rank are in the indicator enforcing contracts,’ rank 163, registering property rank is 154, and paying taxes rank is 115. On the other hand protecting minority investors India’s rank is comparatively good (13).

The objective of this study is to explore the linear relation between Ease of doing business and many other macro economic variables in India. The data has been taken from Statistical Hand Book published by Reserve Bank of India . Regarding methodology the correlation matrix , the regression based on significant linear association of the variables, are used in this study. The rank for ease of doing business is an indicator to attract foreign or private investor to invest for capital formation as well as for employment generation and economic growth. The ranks among 190 nations regarding the 10 indicators provides the government to modify the rules or regulations of amend or modify the existing regulations for further reform which will be conducive for minor , small or medium entrepreneurs. Now a day’s the government’s open intention is to advice the unemployed youth, not to seek job but try to provide job by initiating your entrepreneurship potentiality.

Keywords: Ease of Doing Business, Correlation matrix, India

The proliferate advancements in modern market economies created profuse global interlinks among international capital markets. Hence, the fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates have become very crucial in determining the stock returns. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of exchange rate volatility on stock return volatility from a frontier markets perspective. The study analyzes the volatilities of daily market returns of All Share Price Index (ASPI) of Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) against the exchange rates of US Dollars (USD) and Euros (EUR) over the period of January 2010 to December 2018. Atrivariate BEKK-GARCH (1, 1) model employs to examine the transmission of volatilities between stock returns and exchange rates. The empirical evidence reveals the presence of a statistically significant spillover effect from USD to stock returns in the Sri Lankan context. Although the empirical results rejectthe existence of a spillover effect from EUR to stock returns,with respect to the overall shock spillovers, the estimated results indicate a statistically significant transmission of shocks from USD as well as EUR to ASPI.This indicates the impact of globalization and the introduction of open market economic policies on the Sri Lankan capital markets and it provides interesting insights for the policy makers when outlining the future monetary strategies.

Keywords: Exchange rates; GARCH model; Sri Lanka; Stock returns

JEL Classification: C 22, G 15, F 31

Migration is an inevitable part of human life. It is a movement of people from one place to another place. If the people migrate to other countries in search of better job opportunities then their migration is temporary in nature. This leads to return migration of people to their origin place from the destination place. The study considers reason for migration and return migration and comparison of job status at three stages. The study area is confined to Bantwal taluk of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka State. It includes only 25 respondents who have returned from Gulf countries.

Keywords: migration, occupational choice and return migration.

Nagaland is predominantly an agricultural economy with healthy signs of transformation in agriculture and allied activities. Agriculture in Nagaland has continued to be the source of livelihood to majority of the population. Agriculture in Nagaland can be balanced and made efficient through proper and better management practices. Moreover, the opportunities provided by agricultural marketing should be tapped effectively by the marketers. The present study highlights on the scenario of agricultural marketing prevailing in Mokokchung town with special importance given to indigenous agricultural products selling in daily and weekly markets, its challenges and scope. The scope of agricultural marketing in Nagaland is still at the infant stages of growth and development since most of the agricultural commodities and essentials are imported from the neighboring states and the area of export of local indigenous products to the other States is yet to be materialized. With no heavy tax levied, the marketing system should be blooming but it is in disarray and remains dysfunctional.

Keywords: Agriculture marketing, Indigenous products, Daily and Weekly bazaar, Local Traders, Sellers and Farmers

JEL Classification Code: E24; E31; M31; P22; P25; Q21.

Digital Marketing has become more famous after involvement of latest technologies in businesses. It has completely changed the old marketing methods and compelled marketers to stay connected with their buyers or customers via internet for selling their products and services. Since the emergence of social media, industrial marketing academics and marketers have also been intrigued by the influence of such media on the discipline. As, social media research in the field of industrial marketing has been of increasing interest, this research attempts to the challenges and opportunities in social media. This research provides some of the opportunities to overcome the problems and analysing the best strategy in current scenario in the field and suggests directions for future development.

Keywords: Digital marketing, customer, strategy and challenges