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The paper studies the value that people put on the resource of clean air and their willingness to pay (WTP) for the same, while also analyzing the potential influence of certain socio-demographic factors upon people's spending choices in this regard. The study is conducted via the collection of cross-sectional primary data from different parts of India. The Contingent Valuation Method is used to evaluate the willingness to pay, and the econometric tool of multiple regression is applied to analyze the data. Further, the cardinal voting system is used to find the preferences of people regarding the reasons behind their WTP for clean air, among various options like prevention of mortality, morbidity, ecosystem damage, visibility loss, and material damage. The average willingness to pay across the sample was found to be around Rs.1581 per month. Factors like health status, air quality, residence type, income level, and age are significant determinants of WTP. The study provides a direction in understanding common people’s viewpoint towards this environmental problem.

This paper examines the effects of production subsidies regarding privatization in an international mixed market where one state-owned firm coexists with domestic private and foreign private firms. The firms produce complementary goods. The paper considers four games: unsubsidized international mixed triopoly, subsidized international mixed triopoly, unsubsidized international private triopoly, and subsidized international private triopoly. The first two games are international mixed triopoly games in which a state-owned public firm, a domestic private firm and a foreign private firm coexist with each other, and the second two games are international private triopoly games in which the state-owned public firm is privatized. This paper demonstrates that if optimal production subsidies are used before and after privatization in an international mixed market with complementary goods, then privatization decreases domestic social welfare.

This paper has attempted review various policies related to youth development and entrepreneurial development initiatives taken by the government of India. It also discusses institutional arrangements available for capacity building of rural youth and various financial supporting schemes for on-starting of self employment activities to support self earning for unemployed young population in India. It is well known that, Entrepreneurs shape a country's economic destiny by transforming people's lifestyles, altering growth and development paths and prompting inventions that redraw economic contours and bring revolution. The National Youth Policy and National Skill Policy in India makes adequate path to various government institutions effectively involve in guiding, capacity building and supporting financial aid to promote and utilise youth energy for country’s economic development. The importance of existing schemes for entrepreneurship development need to reached the needy poor rural youth for their livelihood strengthening. The institutions like RUDSETI and RSETI are playing very important role in building skills of unemployed rural youth but still long way to go reach the entire target group of rural youth. This paper has put sufficient effort to analyse the issues of unemployment, problems in existing policies and institutional performance of the skilling institutions exist in India. It attempted with the aim of disseminating information on the policy, schemes and training programmes for entrepreneurship. It is a secondary data based review will helpful for rural youth seeking for skills and intended for self employment.