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Mining may well have been the second of humankind’s earliest endeavours granted that agriculture was the first. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. Little has changed in the importance of these industries since the beginning of civilization. If we consider fishing and lumbering as part of agriculture and oil and gas production as part of mining, then agriculture and mining continue to supply all the basic resources used by modern civilization.The study objectives are mining labours in Karnataka to determine the morbidity pattern among labourers engaged actively in mining activities. 1 The reasons behind the prevalence of health issues, 2 the frequency and occurrences of health harms, 3 the socio-economic conditions of mining labourer health.The study used Primary Data has been collected through random sampling method in the selected mining areas with the help of the following tools Questionnaires: A questionnaire was prepared for mine labourers with both closed and open ended questions for collecting data on their professional, social, economic, gender and health profile, and interviewing mine labourers who have been working in mining sector for fairly long time (10 years or more) to know the conditions of mine workers and facilities provided in the mines at present and in the past as well. Result of the study indicate that need for regular health check-ups, health education, personal protective devices and engineering control for better health and productivity of the miners.

Key words: Mining, labour, hazardous, morbidity.

This article aims to discuss a comparative approach between the Islamic and a conventional index. First, we analyzed some empirical properties of the Islamic and a conventional daily returns index, we noticed that they capture most stylized facts observed in financial markets, namely the serial correlation, leptokurticity and heteroscedasticity effect. As we detected heteroscedasticity effect, we modeled the returns both of the Islamic Sharia SP500 and its conventional counterpart, and we analyzed the persistence of their volatility using the GARCH model. The results show that volatility persistence of both indexes was very significant and the S&P 500 index Shariah was less volatile than the conventional index at a long run and it does present less risk at crisis periods.

Key words: S&P Sharia, daily returns, conditional volatility, financial crisis, GARCH models.

This paper uses an endogenous growth model for the analysis of the impact of structural reforms in India. We use the model to look at policies which could increase the rate of knowledge investment and innovations in India. Among the possible options we consider in particular, are R&D subsidies , removal of entry barriers for start ups, increasing competition in services and high skilled immigration. According to our quantitative analysis all policies discussed in this paper have the potential to increase knowledge investment in India and contribute towards narrowing the gap with the US. The most promising reform areas seem to be a reduction in financial frictions and increased competition in services.

JEL Classification: E32, O41

Keywords: Structural reforms, endogenous growth, R&D, DSGE modelling, India.

In this research paper an attempt has been made to know the impact of promotional activities, after sales services and resale value of electronic product on the purchase decision of rural consumers. The data for the research has been collected through questionnaire. In this grim battle for snatching the most share of the market, only those producers will win the battle, who are able to study the behaviour of the consumers. Here an attempt has been made that how and to what extent promotional activities, after sales services and resale value effects the consumer behaviour of electronic products in rural areas. It is revealed from the research that it is very necessary for the manufacturers of electronic products to know the behaviour of rural consumers. So, that they can increase their sales and capture the most of the market share. It has been observed from the study that promotional activities, after sales services and resale value influenced the consumer behaviour while purchasing electronic product. It was also discovered that how consumers rate the promotional activities, after sales services and resale value of the product. This study will definitely help the manufacturers of electronic products to take strategic decisions on the related activities.

Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Promotional Activities, After Sales Services, Resale Value and India

Water productiveness in agriculture is multi-faceted, hard to be relevant beyond a mere material interpretation of it, and commonplace to plenty of disciplines, each one in every one of them with its very own interpretation of the scales of analysis, the targets of the evaluation and the terms of the signs used. However, if one realizes the risks, the water efficiencies method may be useful in a given situation – defined by a specific scale of evaluation, a specific sub-region or farming system, a spatial and temporal perimeter – to discover the capability of “improving” the productiveness of present water resources and convey extra food in step with unit of water. In this research, a cross-analysis of the management of the water irrigation scheme (RRiND) and the overall performance of the water supply chain, depending on this scheme, is undertaken to discover the opportunities for enhancing the water productiveness through better coordination in the irrigated water supply chain. Water productiveness in agriculture is multi-faceted, hard to be relevant beyond a mere material interpretation of it, and commonplace to plenty of disciplines, each one in every one of them with its very own interpretation of the scales of analysis, the targets of the evaluation and the terms of the signs used. However, if one realizes the risks, the water efficiencies method may be useful in a given situation – defined by a specific scale of evaluation, a specific subregion or farming system, a spatial and temporal perimeter – to discover the capability of “improving” the productiveness of present water resources and convey extra food in step with unit of water. In this research, a cross-analysis of the management of the water irrigation scheme (RRiND) and the overall performance of the water supply chain, depending on this scheme, is undertaken to discover the opportunities for enhancing the water productiveness through better coordination in the irrigated water supply chain.

Key words: water productivity, water supply chain, water management

The current paper provides precise analytical results regarding the consequences of heterogeneities between the preferences or between the structural parameters of the member countries of a monetary union on monetary and budgetary policies, and on the stabilization of economic activity and inflation. After demand shocks, monetary or budgetary constraints reduce the potential economic stabilization, and economic activity and inflation are then higher (weaker) in a country affected by a positive (negative) demand shock. In this context, regarding the preferences of the budgetary authorities, we find that monetary unification could be more painful for a country with strong budgetary constraints, and with a high preference for stabilizing the budgetary deficit, and on the contrary with a weak preference for stabilizing economic activity and inflation. Besides, regarding structural heterogeneities, monetary unification could be more painful for a country with weak transmission mechanisms of monetary policy or with a weak budgetary multiplier. Membership in monetary union could also be more painful for the countries with the highest sensitivities of national prices to foreign prices, or with the weakest sensitivities of prices to national economic activity.

Keywords : monetary union, asymmetric demand shock, symmetric demand shock, economic stabilization.

JEL classification numbers: E63, F44, F45