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The pervasiveness of the need for publication of General purpose financial statements cannot be overemphasized as it provide various stakeholders – shareholders, employees, suppliers, creditors, financial analysts, stockbrokers and government agencies – with timely, reliable and relevant information useful for making informed decisions. Globalization and The records of compromise in the objectivity of financial information quality have resulted to several crises in the capital market. Hence, prompted the need for a single set of high quality reporting standards which were first adopted in 2005 by EU countries while Nigeria agreed to adopt in 2012. This paper examines international financial reporting standard adoption thereby comparing the PRE/ POST adoption period and the value relevance of accounting information of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. This study employed a correlational and Ex-post facto research design of which the Edwards Bells and Olhson (1995) model was adopted. Data on Earnings per share (EPS), Book value per share (BVPS), Change in earnings per share (CEPS) and Share price (SP) were sourced from the published annual reports of 7 listed banks to conduct a pre (2008 to 2011) and post (2012 to 2015) compulsory adoption analysis. The General least square (GLS) regression model documented that both the Pre and post compulsory adoption of IFRS period financial information are value relevant though, IFRS adoption is yet to maximize its aim as the post IFRS adoption financial information has no relative value relevance over pre IFRS financial information. The study therefore, recommends a need for strong enforcement effort, rigorous IFRS training and good corporate governance.

Key words: Pre IFRS, Post IFRS, value relevance, deposit money banks, Nigeria

The current paper threats the relationship between inflation and unemployment in Tunisia in the context of the Phillips curve. To demonstrate this relationship we need the cointegration test using annual data from 1991 to 2019. Our variables are inflation and unemployment which is figuring by his gap taken by the Hodrick and Prescott filter with ????=100. In the case of Tunisia, variables are stationary at level meaning that the cointegration test is unavailable. That’s why we can run for a VAR model to evaluate the relationship between variables over time.

Key words: VAR model, inflation, unemployment, annual time series, stationary test.

In Saudi Arabia, SMEs are considered the backbone of the economy as they represent 99 percent of the private sector. Moreover, they are absorbing about 70 percent of the country’s workforce. all SMEs in Saudi Arabia are required to adopt IFRS for SMEs for financial periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive evidence on the perceived benefits and challenges of the implementing of IFRS for SMEs in Saudi Arabia as one of emerging countries from the perspective of preparers of financial statements. The study uses a survey instrument that has developed after reviewing recent literature on the benefits and challenges of implementing of IFRS for SMEs in emerging markets. The findings of the study reveal that the benefits that have highest  agreement are: facilitating access to credit, facilitating credit rating, enhancing comparability and enhancing understandability. The challenges that have highest agreement are: the lack of training, interpretation difficulties and implementation cost. This study contributes to the limited body of research on the benefits and challenges of the implementing of IFRS for SMEs in emerging countries. The wide spread adoption of IFRS for SMEs has been promoted by the arguments that the benefits outweigh the costs. It however remains an empirical question if this is the case for all countries whether developed or developing. The study findings also serve as a reminder to the accounting regulators in Saudi Arabia about the challenges that SMEs face in implementing IFRS for SMEs.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, IFRS, SMEs, Accounting, Emerging Countries

This study is aimed at assessing the effect of the market capitalization on the Nigerian economy spanning the period of 1985- 2017. Real GDP is expressed as a function of Market Capitalization (MCAP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and Total Transaction on the Stock Exchange (TNSE) using a regression model. In order to test the stationary property of the time series data, the ADF statistics was employed, and all the variables were stationary at first difference. Co-integration test confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variable, Vector Autoregressive (VAR), and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were estimated. The findings confirmed that there is positive relationship between market capitalization and economic growth and also direct relationship exist between gross fixed capital formation and economic growth. While, inverse relationship exists between GDP and total transaction of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The study concludes that capital market has shown substantial growth in new issues volume in recent years; it is substantially well-supervised by the SEC and has a well-organized management structure thereby contributing to the growth of the Nigerian economy though the total transaction of the Nigerian stock exchange needs to be enhanced through trade liberalization in the capital market. The study recommends that it is imperative for the countries to attract foreign portfolio investment from other country in order to increase the total transaction of the stock exchange through foreign funds; such fund would enhance the financing of developmental projects and businesses in the country.

Key words: Economic growth, Gross fixed capital formation, Market capitalization, Nigeria, Total transactions on the stock exchange.

This paper reviews studies that observed the relationships between energy consumption and economic growth in different countries using panel and time-series models. The results showed that energy consumption significantly influenced economic growth, and shared causal relationship.

Key words: Energy Consumption; Economic Growth; Panel Models; Time- Series Models.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented shock to the world economy. The government of India, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared a nationwide Lockdown on 24th March 2020 and due to the prolonged lockdown, the state of Nagaland along with the rest of the country is facing many difficulties and challenges. With the first reported case of COVID-19 from Wuhan, China in December 2019, and as of 15th November 2020, globally 53.7 million confirmed cases and 1.3 million deaths have been reported as per World Health Organization (WHO), with India reporting 9.14 million cases, 8.6 million recovered, 134 thousand deaths and Nagaland with 10,674 cases, 9242 recovered, 57 deaths. Manipur was the first state in Northeast India to have detected with COVID-19 case as on 24th March 2020, with a 23 years old student returnee from UK, while Nagaland was the last of the northeastern States after Sikkim to report COVID-19 positive cases on April 12, 2020. Since Nagaland has no big or very few industries the major impact is on tourism, handicrafts and handloom industry, agriculture and rural economy and small business etc, especially festival like Hornbill festival where the states earns around 40-50 crores on revenue. In spite of the drawbacks of lockdown there has been a significant improvement in people’s efficiency towards the use of technology. It is very important that people should realize the responsibility and the importance of maintaining discipline and abide by the rules even to fight against COVID-19 and also make it a practice to maintain hygiene to prevent ourselves from such pandemics in the future.

Key words: COVID-19, Lockdown, Nagaland, Technology, Impact.

This research analyses the effects of structural transformation on sectoral employment and sectoral labour productivity in WAEMU countries. To achieve this, the methodological approach adopted consists of decomposing the economy into three sectors, namely agriculture, industry and services. The results show that the agricultural sector employs 70% of the available labour force as against 10% and 20% respectively for the industrial and service sectors. In terms of value-added, the agricultural (rural) sector and the service sector contribute 40% each against 20% for the industrial sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the Sahelian countries. For all WAEMU countries as a whole, the agricultural sector accounts for 30%, industry for 20% and services for 50%. Reallocation effects show that the service sector is the sector benefiting from a better reallocation of the labour factor. This reallocation effect is very pronounced in Burkina Faso compared to all Sahelian countries and all WAEMU countries.

Key words: Structural transformation, sectoral employment, sectoral labour productivity, WAEMU.

JEL: N17, E24, J24