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The entire history of the world came into persistence through the growth of communication technology because it is the communication only through which the ideas and inventions float in the universe. Communication in simple words is an act of transferring information from one person to another, from one place to another and from one institute to another. It has been referred in ancient India was as Sadharanikaran or generality, involving Sahridayas or people having universal caring heart to each other, as to communicate each other besides in need, the sahridyas or sympathetic i.e. compassionate heart is necessary. It also refers to ‘sampreshan’ or ‘conveyance’ to convey the thoughts. This confirms that in the earliest stage of history messages were conveyed properly from the ‘source’ to the ‘receiver’. The Vedas, Upanishads, Aryanakas, Brahmans, Purinas and Dharms hastras are the fraction of communication in ancient world. Ancient Indian literary works like Charak Samhita and Mrichhkatika also lays the rules for debates and discussions dividing it into ‘friendly’ and ‘hostile’ discussion. It was the development of science and technology in ancient India through which communication skills were also developed. It was the time, when people were observing, learning developing and adopting the existence of creative science in their day today life schedules. Ancient view of the physical world, including those on space and time, continued to wear metaphysical, sometimes even religious-philosophical garb on different intellectual lines as well.

Keywords: communication, simplification, astronomy, pictographs, Paleolithic.

The term ‘Shringara’ has dual meaning. One meaning is ‘adornment’ and another is ‘copulation’. A number of early historical terracotta (baked clay) objects ranging from C. 3rd century BCE to C. 4th century CE, in the collection of CSMVS, apparently deal with the theme of Shringara. Terracotta plaques as well as figurines in round are recovered from different historically important sites like Mathura, Kaushambi and Rajghat in Uttar Pradesh and Chandraketugarh in West Bengal. One of the salient features of these objects from this vast territorial span is the sensuality either latent or articulated. These figurines consist of beautifully bedecked females with elaborate coiffure, voluptuous and sensuous figures wearing transparent clothes revealing their form. We also have amorous couples and orgiastic scenes.

It is difficult to know exactly what these terracotta figurines were made for. However, there are often elements of shringara in them which echo the sentiment of contemporary poetry and drama. In this essay, some verses are selected that can enliven our appreciation of some of the terracotta figurines by relating them to the verses from Gahasattasai, Buddhacharita and Saundarananda. Further, the purpose behind their creation is also discussed.

Keywords: Chandraketugarh, Gahasattasai, Kamasutra, shringara, terracotta.

Jwalapuram is the archaeological site-complex having large number of localities in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, southern India. It is a rare Paleolithic site with a stratified record of Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Though its archaeological records have markedly contributed to the discussion regarding modern human dispersal into South Asia, there remains ambiguity about its chronology, especially the age of the deposits above tephra from the Toba eruption at ca.74ka (YTT). We dated these deposits above YTT using two different methods, 14C (AMS) and OSL, to confirm their younger age: 30–40 ka. In this paper, we present the detail of the dating, and discuss the implications of the results.

Keywords: 14C and OSL dating, Jwalapuram sites, Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, South Asia, YTT