JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES is a leading, peer reviewed journal of original research and thinking in the field. The journal seeks to reflect the vibrancy of the disciplines of criminology and criminal justice. It publishes work of the highest quality and academic rigour from around the world and across all areas of criminology and criminal justice. It is interdisciplinary in nature, and is devoted to providing an international forum for critical debate and policy discussions of criminological and criminal justice research findings.