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Menopause is one of the most significant events that cause some physiological changes affecting the life of a woman permanently. Women with early menopause suffer from stress, anxiety and depression. Menopause is affected by the woman’s health, weight, nutrition, life style, culture and genetic factors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of menopause among Bangladeshi women aged 30-49 years. Data was extracted from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014). BDHS-2014 collected data from overall Bangladesh using two stages stratified cluster sampling. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used in this study. This study revealed that the prevalence of early menopause among Bangladeshi married women was 17.9%. Chi-square test showed that some socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with menopause and these factors were considered as independent variables in multiple logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic model demonstrated that women living alone got menopause 1.397 times higher than their counterparts (p<0.01). Muslim women had 1.503 times higher chance to get early menopause (p<0.01) than those of other religion. Early married women got early menopause 0.788 times higher (p<0.05) than their counterparts. It was observed that underweight woman reached menopause 1.198 times higher than normal and overweight woman (p<0.05). It was found that women with higher education was less likely to get menopause than uneducated (p<0.01), primary (p<0.01) and secondary educated (p<0.01) women. Hosmer and Lemeshow test (?2-value=7.647, p=0.469) showed that our selected model was good fitted to data. In this study, some modifiable factors were found as the

important predictors of early menopause among Bangladeshi women. These findings can help to government and non-government organizations for taking initiatives to reduce the prevalence of early menopause in Bangladesh.

The education of tribal children has remained as an instigating research issue for a number of years in India. The current study highlights that the high dropout of tribal boys and girls is primarily due to ‘disinteresting education’ image shared by tribal children. It is pointed out that the educational processes and structures, especially those related to teaching or pedagogy require urgent attention. School cultures of residential schools in the tribal areas need culturally sensitive pedagogy together with the culturally sensitive organization of co-curricular activity, boarding and lodging and health care. The paper argues that wholesome welfare approach to the education of tribal boys and girls has its own set of limitations. The training of teachers needs appropriate modifications for innovativeness, positive attitudes, and skills in counselling.

KEYWORDS: Culture. Pedagogy. Schools. Telangana. Teachers. Tribal welfare.

The present study focuses attention on the socio-demographic features of the Pakistani Hindu families from the Sri Ram Sena Hindu camp in New Delhi. These families had been migrating to India from Sindh, Pakistan since 2011. Such an understanding of this recent group of migrants is crucial to further understand their lifeworlds as they lead their lives in a period of waiting. This article also includes narratives from the families which shall help in furthering an understanding of this community.

KEYWORDS: Migration. Narratives. Sindh

The death centenary of Emile Durkheim has been elapsed rather unnoticed and silently in 2017. As we all know that he was a great social philosopher and on many counts whose works have profoundly influenced our anthropological and sociological thinking/ imagination. Durkheim’s whole gamut of work came up in a big way particularly in offering a number of valuable concepts, of which ‘collective conscience’ is a significant one. Conceptually it refers to the totality of cognitive, moral and religious elements which comprise the consciousness and/ or conscience of the social groups in the society. Now after a century of Durkheim’s death there is a need to re-examine his concept of ‘social conscience’ in the light of our present day’s experiences and encounters with some alarming social facts, which certainly indicate the fast diminishing ‘collective consciousness’ and near break down of ‘organic solidarity’ in our social life, and what precisely the present paper intends to share.

KEYWORDS: Diminishing Collective Conscience. Organic Solidarity. State of Anomie. Division of Labour. Social Integration.

The present study was undertaken to assess the utilization of maternal health care services and to determine the factors influencing these services among the Pnar women of Jowai town, West Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya. Data pertaining to antenatal care, delivery characteristics, post natal care as well as socio-demographic factors such as current age, age at marriage, education and income groups have been collected from a total of 719 ever-married women belong to the reproductive age groups of 15-49 years. The results indicate that majority of the women attended antenatal care (ANC) services. Attending antenatal care services is found to be associated with the administration of tetanus toxoid injection, iron folic acid tablets and safe delivery. It is found that mothers who attended more than four antenatal checkups were 72.46%, where 64.39% of the mothers registered their first antenatal care checkups by first trimester. It is also observed that 95.64% women preferred institutional deliveries. Thus, the present finding reveals that the study population has high level of utilization of selected components of maternal health care and high level of satisfaction with the utilized services. The study further reveals that socio-demographic factors have a great influence on the utilization of maternal health care services.

KEYWORDS: Maternal health. Antenatal care. Safe delivery care. Postnatal care. Pnar. Jowai.

Traditional games and sports cultivate local and regional customs and strengthen the sense of national belongings. Locally or regionally rooted traditional games encourage exchange between districts and regions and preserve a sense of cultural identity by providing marks of roots and reference. In this paper, the researcher overview the obsolete traditional sports and games spread in the North Bengal rural and urban places. The researcher brings out the procedure of play (rules and regulation) with scoring methods, type of games, and purpose of play of traditional games. Most of the data were collected from the rural and urban people of eight districts in North Bengal, India. The researcher has selected the entire North Bengal and the data collected from the people who were played and come across in their lifestyle of traditional games. The methods used for collecting data are interviews, photos, and live play demo, etc. All together seventeen famous traditional games are played in the villages of North Bengal. These games were designed to develop skills such as logical thinking, building strategy, concentration, basic mathematics, aiming, and so on. While playing the games, the students learned and understood the spirit of sportsmanship. Obsolete traditional sports are evaluated from the North Bengal states of West Bengal. And found that, these traditional games and sports were played in the different regions in the previous era. This study concluded that traditional games which was theprimary pastime activity of West Bengal, and carries moral value, cultural heritage and develops integrity among the people.

KEYWORDS: Traditional, Games, Sports, Obsolete, Cultural, North Bengal

This study investigated the nutritional status of orphan girls staying in the orphanages and non-orphan girls staying with their parents. The paper also tries to determine whether psychosocial factors are associated with nutritional status. A crosssectional survey was carried out among 343 girls, comprised of 165 orphans and 178 nonorphans aged 5-15 years.The subjects were selected through cluster random sampling. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and psychosocial questionnaire were used to assess nutritional status and psychosocial health of the girls respectively. Findings revealed that the nutritional status of most of the orphan and non-orphan girls are normal. Majority of the girls were found to have normal body mass index (BMI) for age (96.97% orphan and 94.94% non-orphan). No cases of stunting and wasting were found among these girls. The findings showed significant differences in total difficulties scores of psychosocial well-being of orphan girls (94.55% normal) and non-orphan girls (100.00% normal).Orphan girls were found to have more exposed on behavioural and pro-social problems as compared to the non-orphan girls. Conduct problem score was found to be significantly associated (p<0.01, p<0.05) with BMI for age, weight for age and height for age in orphan girls, but not in the non-orphan girls. The findings indicate that although the orphan girls were meeting the basic needs of food and shelter but their psychosocial requirements perhaps remained unaddressed. Thus, there is a need for the guardians, government and non-government organizations to focus and to formulate the strategies required to develop the psychosocial health of the orphan girls living in the orphanages.

KEYWORDS: BMI-for-age. Height-for-age, Psychosocial factors, Orphan, Nonorphan, Meitei girls

Why a man and woman have different status in a society although both of them are human being? Biologically males and females are different whereas socially, culturally, politically, economically and sexually they are similar but so-called intelligent masculine mind is not ready to accept it. It is reality that gender is generated within the circumstance of a particular socio-cultural arrangement and transmitted all the way through a process of collective and social learning. Women and men are biologically as well as socially and culturally different that has led to the appearance of different gender relations. These gender relations such as role, power, belief, freedom, mobility, recognition, sexuality etc. which emerged in the beginning of human history were institutionalized because they were adaptive and it assisted for the survival of societal relationships. The process by which, a particular society’s principles, values and norms pertaining to gender, gender associations and affairs are trained and institutionalized result into the formation of gender polarization in Nepali societies. The main aim of this research is to observe the structural formation of gender and overall gender relationships in Nepali societies. So, this article discusses about the structural formation of gender and existing gender practices as it emerges one of the core paradigms of gender reading in Nepali societies which, by and large, shares a major stake in restructuring and remaking of the equitable society. From this research analysis, diverse practices are found to equally existing in the process of gender formation, there is strong prevalence of gender discrimination, differentiation and equity in society among people who have recognized those values and principles, focusing especially in the perceptions of professional men and women in different fields.

KEYWORDS: Gender Practices. Caste/Ethnic Groups. Education. Occupation. Religion.

Over the last decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity throughout the world has increased in children. The rising incidence of childhood obesity poses an important public health challenge worldwide due to the increasing burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there were growing evidences that increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages over time was associated with increased obesity among children and adolescents. Therefore, increasing public awareness of the health hazards associated with high intake of sugar-sweetened beverage in the diets of children should be of great concern to public health workers. This is especially important in children, because dietary habits in childhood track into adulthood.

KEYWORDS: Sugar-sweetened beverages. Children. Weight gain. Beverages. Obesity

Pranab Kumar Ganguly was a leading bio-cultural anthropologist of India who passed away peacefully on February15, 2014 at his Kolkata residence. Apart from his contributions in the typical subfields of Biological/Physical Anthropology, like anthropometry, dermatoglyphics and dental anthropology, Ganguly made important contributions in social demography, ethno-history, material culture, language, religion and political system. Moreover, he also contributed on some policy issues of the Onges of Little Andaman. Ganguly received his M.Sc., Ph.D and D.Sc. degrees from the University of Calcutta in 1951, 1966 and 1973 respectively. He joined the Anthropological Survey of India as an Anthropologist in 1969 and became its Deputy Director and subsequently founded two new Anthropology Departments in India at Manipur and Vidyasagar Universities as founder Professor. He retired from Vidyasagar University, West Bengal in 1993; the extension of his service up to five year was discontinued by the then Vidyasagar University executive council for reasons best known to them. Ganguly was the elected President of the Anthropology and Archeology Section of the Indian Science Congress during 1976–77. Ganguly received four prestigious medals namely, the Bertillon Medal of France (1973), Sir Asutosh Mookerjee Gold medal (1975), Bengal Immunity Research Prize and Gold Medal (1975) as well as the Griffith Memorial Prize (1975) for his research on a variety of topics in Anthropology. In this paper I have made an attempt to portray Ganguly not only as a complete anthropologist but also as a human being covering his notable contributions, which included his attention to the application of anthropology for human well being as well as an ethnographic travel account of Poland.

We must learn from the past experience; hindsight, I believe, is much easier than foresight.
        
                                                                                                              ------- Pranab Ganguly (1977).

KEYWORDS: Pranab Ganguly. Indian Anthropology. Bio-cultural Anthropology. Human Adaptation. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Anthropological Survey of India. Vidyasagar University.