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Lord Jagannatha is a revered deity of the Vedic Hindu religion and faith in India. He is widely acclaimed as the Lord of the universe. Jagannath is worshiped with Balabhadra, Devi Subhadra and Sri Sudarshan (weapon of Lord Jagannath) in the grand ancient temple of Jagannatha in Puri, Odisha, India.The four deities altogether are known as the Chaturdhamurty which are the centre of the Hindu religious worship in the Jagannatha Temple in Puri.This is an age-old religious institution of Vaishnavism where Lord Jagannatha is worshiped as Lord Vishnu and Lord Krishna. All Hindus across the world visit the Jagannatha temple at Puriwhich is one of the Dhamas or Hindu Pilgrimage Centre in India apart from Dwaraka in the West, Badrinath in the North and Rameswaram in the South. The worship of the sibiling deities is unique and rare in the Hindu religious tradition in India. It is believed that, Lord Jagannatha as Daru-Brahma (i.e, Wooden idol having indwelling Brahma or Supreme Soul) is exhibiting His inimitable leelasin the humanized divineform. The Nabakalebara, or Re-Embodiment Ceremony of the four deities such as Lord Jagannatha, Lord Balabhadra, Devi Suhadra and Sri Sudarshan is performed exclusively in the Jagannatha temple in Puri, Odisha which is not found elsewhere in any other Hindu temple in India and abroad. The Nabakalebara of Lord Jagannatha is analogous to the Hindu Doctrine of Rebirth. This article narrates about Nabkalebara Ceremony of the Chaturdhamurtyand its distinct features in detail.

KEYWORDS: Jagannath. Nabakalebara. Chaturdhamurty. Vanayaga. Nrusimha. Brahma.

Rice because of its status as a staple food has a great capacity to influence the society and culture, orient them towards an agricultural mode of livelihood, and make them rice-based social structures and organizations. However, rice can never be said to have deterministic effects on society and culture, it becomes a responsible factor or condition to shape them in a definite way. Every culture has its own way of producing and harvesting rice through unique socio-religious and technological procedures and eating them as per their own customs and traditions. The overall rice-oriented social structures and rice-based cultural traditions give rise to a unique identity as peasant society and culture which may be tribal or non-tribal. Rice also shapes social habits and behaviours differently in different ecological set ups. In nut shell, it can be said that rice forms the core element of several cultures which are basically rice-based or rice-oriented and Odisha is no exception to it. Attempts have been made in the paper to discuss the socio-cultural heritage of Odisha as shaped by the cultivation of rice with specific reference to economic, social, political and spiritual heritages on the backdrop of Hindu great tradition.

KEYWORDS: Rice-culture, Rice cultivation. Rice recipes. Rice-based economy. Ricebased political organization. Rice-based social organization. Rice-based spiritual heritage.

The indigenous tribal community and forest have a symbiotic relationship. Arresting the forest's degradation and development of livelihood option have been tried with the Santhal in Purulia District of West Bengal as a partner through Participatory Action Research (PAR). The Eco Chain Approach for creating awareness and SAPTAPADI, a method to develop appropriate social institution for the conservation of natural resources and adoption of technology developed by IBRAD, is illustrated with a case study herewith. It is being carried out as an outcome-oriented intervention and finally generating a new body of knowledge for replication in the similar context of sustainable livelihood of the community.

KEYWORDS: Participatory Action Research. Capacity Building. Institution Development Sustainable Tribal Livelihood.

This research is an attempt to understand the audience preference for single screen movie theatres in an Indian small town i.e. Raebareli town in Uttar Pradesh. The research revealed that though the audience from nearby suburban/rural areas of Raebareli went to the theatres to escape the daily grind, yet movie going is not a particularly popular leisure activity among them. By virtue of belonging to the same “culture area”, these rural/suburban respondents were found to share similar notions of conviviality, underlined in terms of collective pursuance. On the other hand, single screen movie theatres enjoyed a certain amount of patronage from the town based middle and upper middle class. The hedonistic tendency and preference for individualized entertainment forms made them to choose theatre going as a popular form of leisure activity. Though they recognized that multiplexes offered better facilities and amenities, the upper middle class respondents did not display snobbishness in terms of the choice of theatres (as they watched movie in both single screen and multiplex theatres), movie genre (enjoyed movies from classics, parallel cinemas to commercial films), or choice of movie directors. Thus, the upper middle class respondents can best be described as ‘cultural omnivores’, whose choice of movies and the ambience to watch them is characterized by heterogeneity. The paper therefore adds to the homology thesis of Pierre Bourdieu by pointing out that there can more than isomorphic relation between people’s class affiliation and leisure preferences. The paper reason that the heteromorphic taste of the upper middle class in terms of the contagious effect of the culture of the locality/environment. In sum, it is argued that consumption practices of a class is defined not only in terms of its purchasing power but also in terms of the peculiarity of the social environment in question. The study used urban ethnography to unearth the intricacies and details of theatre going, with the main tools of data collection being observation and interviews.

KEYWORDS: Single Screen Movie Theatres. Middle Class. Cultural Omnivore. Raebareli.

The rehabilitation and resettlement project taken by Government of India for the Bengali refugees who came from East Pakistan (presently Bangladesh) is popularly known as Dandakaryana Development Authority started in 1958, established in three phases. The Dandakaryana Development Project in Surguja and Surajpur districts of Chhattisgarh provided all infrastructural facilities like roads, schools, health centers for men and animals, safe water bodies, agricultural land, house sites, etc. Over the time it is observed that the Bengali settlers due to Government support as well as owing to their own sincere labor they have developed to a great extent. The development indices are reflected in education, adoption of new innovations in agriculture and animal husbandry, employment, material status, economy, bargaining power, political representation, etc. With this background the present study covering 60 households purposefully covered to outline the socio-economic changes of the refugee Bengali and their ethnic boundaries maintained. The study observed that Bengali refugee community have proved their success in many fronts of their life. Their socio-cultural inclusive characters are reflected in the forms of festival, festivities, language, dress and attire which helped them in strengthening their economic and political lives and ethnic boundaries and in maintaining ethnic harmony with the host community.

KEYWORDS: Ethnicity. Refugees. Socio-Economic Development. Rehabilitation.

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a public health crisis due to its low detection rate, longer duration of treatment, high cost and patient’s sufferings. The aim of study was to assess the level of MDR-TB patient’s satisfaction, their needs and expectation during treatment in Chest Disease Hospital in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A cross sectional study among 200 MDR-TB patients were conducted from June 2011 to October 2017 using stratified sampling technique. Five (5) point “Likert scale” was used in this study. T-test was utilized to find out the significant difference of satisfaction with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The three fundamental areas were considered for this study such as satisfied with – 1. Behavior of care providers, 2. Hospital environment and 3. Hospital supplied food. The overall satisfaction level was 3.35±1.01. Patients demanded more tasted and diverse food and better hospital environment. These findings can be considered to improve the satisfaction level.

KEYWORDS: Assessment, Hospital, MDR-TB, Likert scale, Patient’s Satisfaction.

This paper investigates the Status of Health of Under-5 Children of Four Metro Cities in India and finds its relationship with socio-demographic variables. The Fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data has been used for finding the health status of children. The sample size for (0-59)-month children is 2215 in four metro cities and 60488 in all India urban areas. The paper considers Height-for-age, Weight-for-age, Weightfor-height, Hemoglobin level, BMI as the health-related variables and birth order, family size, mother’s education (for awareness), wealth index of the household, sex of child as the socio-demographic variables, which are assumed to affect health of under-5 children well. About 55 % of under-5 children in urban India is anemic. Among the four metros, Delhi records the highest percentage of severely anemic under-5 children, followed by Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. As per Body Mass Index (BMI) Mumbai tops among the four metro cities. Chennai occupies the second position while Kolkata is at par with all India urban and Delhi fall below that level. The logistic regression reveals significant positive impacts of wealth and mother’s education on the child’s growth in terms of height and weight though there are some variations in the values of the coefficients at all India urban areas and in Metro cities under consideration. Also, birth order adversely affects the growth of child.

KEYWORDS: Malnutrition; Body Mass Index; Anaemia; Logistic Regression; Metro cities; NFHS-4

Malnutrition among children and women has serious long-term consequences in our India especially the deprived section of the people. In this case, tribal are the most vulnerable section of people compared with other population. According to NFHS IV report (2015-16), the percentage of under the weight of STs is 42 Percent The prevalence of underweight is almost one and half times higher in tribal children than other population tribal children continue to be the most malnourished. Stunting among children and low BMI among adults in tribal people is more than among the non-tribal population. Due to this concern researcher made to study the anthropo-nutritional status among the Irular tribe of Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu. A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the anthropo-nutritional status of children below 5 years and their mother of Irular Tribe by using inexpensive anthropometry method. Such as Weight for age, height for age and weight for height, BMI & Waist hip ratio for an adult was calculated by using WHO growth standards. The prevalence of underweight (weight for age), stunting (Height for Age) and wasting (Weight for Height) in the study population is 58.43 Percent 64.04 Percent and 51.69 Percent respectively. The proportion of moderate and severely underweight, stunting and wasting were highest in the age group of 36-59 months. Malnutrition is a major public health problem among children and women especially in the most vulnerable segment of people.

KEYWORDS: Malnutrition. Tamil Nadu. Irular Tribe. Women. Nutrition. Child.

In this paper, I have tried to pay my tribute to Professor Anil Kumar Gayen, the founder of Vidyasagar University in erstwhile Midnapore district of West Bengal. Gayen was a Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and he did his Phd in Statistics at Cambridge University. His vision was to establish a non-traditional university in a rural area, which would cater to the needs of the underprivileged people, particularly tribals through research and teaching. Vidyasagar University was established in 1981 with Gayen’s mandate having a Department of Anthropology, although the university gradually turned into a traditional affiliating institution of higher learning. I taught at Vidyasagar University during 1985-2016 and conducted researches on the displacement of agricultural communities in erstwhile Medinipur district. During my tenure at Vidyasagar University, I also became curious about the founder of my university who was a forgotten personality. I tried my level best to revive our founder in public memory. This article is the result of my self-reflection wherein I found myself carrying on with the vision of our founder through the narratives around my researches on development caused forced displacement.

KEYWORDS: Anil Kumar Gayen, Vidyasagar University, Non-traditional University, Tribal development, Campus Anthropology, Autoethnography, Development caused forced displacement, Midnapore,