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Society and Culture Development in India

Society and Culture Development in India

Frequency :Bi-Annual

ISSN :2583-0694

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Table of Content :-Society and Culture Development in India, Vol:2, Issue:1, Year:2022

Contents and Editorial Note

Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.i-v
Received: 20 September 2022  | Revised: 20 September 2022  | Accepted : 20 September 2022  | Publication: 20 September 2022 

Contextual Determinants of Marital Dissolution among Black South African Women: A Multilevel Analysis

BY :   Ahuejere Leonard
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.1-22
Received: 28 December 2021  | Revised: 20 January 2022  | Accepted : 24 January 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.01 

Marital dissolution and their contextual determinants are concerns to the government and other stakeholders in South Africa. These are so, especially among the Black South African women of childbearing age. The South African Demographic Health Survey (SADHS) 2016 data was used to examine the role of three hierarchical layers of variables (individual, household and community level characteristics) in determining marital dissolution among Black South African women of childbearing age in South Africa. Based on the Social-ecological (SEM) and the Easterlin’s micro-economic models, the chi-squared test and multilevel logistic regression were performed at the bivariate and multivariate levels respectively. The multilevel logistic regressions were performed using the generalised linear and latent mixed model (GLLAMM) to obtain fixed and random effects. Findings suggest that an insignificant proportion of the study sample were ever married. The level of those ever married increased with mother’s age, while the highest proportion of those never married reside in KwaZulu-Natal (88,3%) province. With the exception of language, type of place of residence and place of delivery, all tested factors were found to be significant and/or associated with marital dissolution at different hierarchical model levels (p<0.05). Results of random effect revealed a very small, i.e. insignificant (0.01) variations in their log odds of predicting marital dissolution. The study recommends that these findings be considered in all programme and policy developments around the issue in South Africa.

Keywords: Marital dissolution, Multi-level regression, Contextual determinants, Black South African, Hierarchical layers

Ahuejere, L. (2022). Contextual Determinants of Marital Dissolution among Black South African Women: A Multilevel Analysis, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.01

The Person in the Pandemic Situation: Social Anthropology Perspectives

BY :   Chinmay Biswas
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.23-26
Received: 28 January 2022  | Revised: 12 February 2022  | Accepted : 20 February 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.02 

Biswas, C. (2022). The Person in the Pandemic Situation: Social Anthropology Perspectives, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 23-26. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.02

Scheduled Caste Population and Their Educational and Occupational Mobility in Khaira Hasan Village of Bahraich

BY :   Falak Butool
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.27-36
Received: 30 January 2022  | Revised: 27 February 2022  | Accepted : 05 March 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.03 

In the present paper socio-economic mobility of scheduled caste is studied in terms of educational and occupational mobility. The data regarding the current problem is collected through the direct questionnaire method to the respondents of Khaira Hasan Village and later it is arranged in tabular form after necessary calculations and processing. From the results of the study it is clear that educational mobility is recorded in the second generation. From the indepth analysis of the data it is also clear that upward educational mobility among the scheduled caste of Khaira Hasan Village is not restricted to the more educated household of the scheduled caste but the larger share of more educated children was produced by the parents having more than lower primary education (catagories4 and 5), there was significant decline in the share of children with lesser educational attainment than their parents. It is also clear from the results that most of the scheduled caste workers in both the generation are involved in primary sector of economy though their percentage has slightly declined in the second generation. Apart from it the probability of the children of primary worker to become secondary worker is increasing.

Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility, Educational Mobility, Occupational Mobility, Scheduled Caste Population

Butool, F. (2022). Scheduled Caste Population and their Educational and Occupational Mobility in Khaira Hasan Village of Bahraich, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.03

Social Stigma Engenders Identity Crisis of Transgender: An Anthropological Enquiry in Kandhamal and Khordha Districts of Odisha

BY :   Kabiraj Behera
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.37-59
Received: 11 February 2022  | Revised: 14 March 2022  | Accepted : 23 March 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.04 

Most of the people are not aware that the Transgender evolve due to their biological i.e. genetical factors and hormonal changes in the body. Transgender is a social and biological minority or as a concept, denoting the identity crisis and diversity of practices embodied between or beyond the categories of male and female. Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their sex assigned at birth, which is laden by the social stigma at the expression in grown up stage. This resulting tension of identity crisis adversely affects their personal growth and development by arresting themselves when the society as a most oppressed class, denied most of the human rights enjoyed by other humans. Most of the people now in India never realize that Transgender are also part of our society so they should be treated as equal as others in the society. India’s trans-women or transgender community has a long history as long as our civilization. Indian law recognizes trans-women as third gender but still they are struggling for their identity and acceptance by the society. The objectives of the study is to investigate the problem faces by transgender community due to stringent stigma of the binary concept of gender in this globalised society on the grounds of education, political pressure, social acceptance, employment and various other issues in Odisha.

Keywords: Stigma, Identity, Transgender, Crisis, Recognition, Globalized.

Behra, K. (2022). Social Stigma Engenders Identity Crisis of Transgender: (An Anthropological Enquiry in Kandhamal and Khordha Districts of Odisha), Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 37-59. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.04

Structural and Functional Changes of Family during Post-Industrialization: An Anthropological Study

BY :   Minaketan Bag
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.61-80
Received: 18 February 2022  | Revised: 28 March 2022  | Accepted : 30 March 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.05 

This paper examines the changing context of family due to industrialization around the Hirakud reservoir in Odisha, India. With an objective of how industrialization has altered the family institution of project affected peoples, it attempts to comprehend the socio-economic transition of few selected family in two rehabilitated colonies comparing with non-affected villages. Data collected through anthropological techniques in selected villages portrays that process of industrialization not only jeopardize family epitome but has altered the kinship structure surrounding the family. Furthermore, the data also reveal that industrialization has led to vulnerable condition of the project affected family compared to non-affected family and later become a dominant structure influencing the social institutions- family, kinship and marriage- of former.

Keywords: Traditional, Structure, Function, Family, Change, Industrialization

Bag, M. (2022). Structural and Functional Changes of Family during Post-Industrialization: An Anthropological Study, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 61-80. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.05

Globalisation and Mental Health Disorders Among Young People: Highlights from India and China

BY :   Mohd. Aslam Bhat
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.81-96
Received: 16 March 2022  | Revised: 06 April 2022  | Accepted : 11 April 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.06 

The contemporary debates and discussions that are contiguous to the ongoing process of globalisation, point at variety of perspectives, which have led to rather contrary analysis and interpretations vis-à-vis the globalisation and its bearing on individuals and groups across regional, national and local domains. Nevertheless, it is argued that globalisation induced cultural multiplicity and uncertainty have fundamentally altered the individual lived experiences specifically of young people, influencing their mental health and thereby leading to higher rates of neuro-psychiatric disorders and suicides? Though such impacts of globalisation on the mental health of young people are contested, and for the most part are undervalued and uncounted, but it is equally true that mental disorders can no longer be separated from the global milieu that shapes our lives and therefore, “growing up” today is not what existed before. With this background, this article at empirical level aspires to participate in a dialogue on globalisation, health inequality and global burden of diseasewith special reference to mental health of young people in India and china.

Keywords: Globalisation; China; Mental Health; India; Young People

Bhat, A. (2022). Globalisation and Mental Health Disorders among Young People: Highlights from India and China, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 81-96. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.06

The Challenge of Anthropology as Humanitarian Science in the Eternal Search of Originality between the Cultural Difference and the Societal Otherness

BY :   Nikos Gousgounis
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.97-108
Received: 26 March 2022  | Revised: 28 April 2022  | Accepted : 09 May 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.07 

For a long time anthropology was defined by the exoticism of its subject matter and also by the distance (mostly cultural than geographic) separating the researcher from the researched group. However, after the coming of the new Millennium many things have been changed radically and many anthropologists imply their old professional ethnographic techniques to study their own cultures using terms as otherness instead of exoticism and reflexivity instead of objectivity. The term of cosmopolitanism also has been too much applied instead of multiculturalism, charged with political connotations of what could be ‘politically correct’ under the western values. In the same time, anthropology is exercised now also by the representatives of these ‘ different cultures’ who exercise by their original ways the inverse influence to the western values. Cultural difference has acquired its most complex meaning nowadays and the scope of this paper is to present through the example of tourism some cases of intercultural meetings under a paradigmatic assumption entailing not only anthropological self-criticism but also the consideration that this self-criticism anthropology prescribes is also morally and originally pointed. Social change has to be analysed objectively and in the same time from all points of view and this consists the challenge of anthropology in our era.

Keywords: Reflexive Anthropology, Cosmopolitanism, Otherness, Cultural Difference, Cultural Models, Hermeneutics.

Gousgounis, N. (2022). The Challenge of Anthropology as Humanitarian Science in the Eternal Search of Originality between the Cultural Difference and the Societal Otherness, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 97-108. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.07

From State to Stateless and then Coming Back to State Again: The Curious Case of Koch Bihar/Cooch Behar/Kamatapur

BY :   Nirban Ray
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.109-128
Received: 10 May 2022  | Revised: 30 May 2022  | Accepted : 09 June 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.08 

The fundamental concern in attempting to understand the state in India or the Indian state can be said to revolve around a shift, a transfer or shifting of the state from the Mughals to the Britishers. Various attempts have been made to understand or examine this shift from Mughal sovereignty and governance to that of British forms. By means of this examination, in fact, attempts have been made to understand fundamentally the very idea of ‘state’ in an Indian or more so in an Asian context. This paper will focus upon the shifting of the state in the Bengal borderland or frontiers and its implications on smaller, native (princely) and peripheral states. In other words, beginning with the bigger, major, fundamental concerns of state in India, I will in this paper eventually delve into the concerns of smaller, minor states, standing in the periphery of Indian territory and in the frontiers of Asian nation-states. In the context of African Tribal societies, Aidon Southal invented a new form of state called the ‘segmentary state’. Burton Stein, while working on the pre-colonial state including the Mughal state, elaborates the concept of ‘segmentary state’ by means of the case examples of the Southern states of Chola and Vijayanagara. Taking the clue from Southal, Stein asserts that the Chola and Vijayanagara regime or these states were not states in terms of real power but, it didn’t stop them from being a state nonetheless- although only nominally. In other words, the concept of ‘segmentary state’ focuses upon states within a state. It aims to understand the nature of state from the perspective of the periphery. The analysis and approach to understand the state from the perspective of the periphery differs fundamentally from the analysis or approach which seeks to understand the state from above or from the mainland. In this paper, I will elaborate this, first by an exploration of the state of Bengal, then, moving towards the periphery through an exploration of the Ahom state and finally, I will solely focus on the case of the Koch Bihar/Cooch Behar/Kamatapur state, which this study considers as a peculiar case from the periphery of the periphery.

Keywords: State, Coloniality, Periphery, Identity, Borderland, Stateless

Ray, N. (2022). From State to Stateless and then Coming Back to State Again: The Curious Case of Koch Bihar/Cooch Behar/Kamatapur, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 109-128. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.08

Saint Rabidas A Silence Movement: A Case Study in the Perspective of both Local & Global Issues

BY :   Ramu Kumar Das
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.129-148
Received: 13 May 2022  | Revised: 05 June 2022  | Accepted : 11 June 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.09 

In the first time of Indian history by choosing Bhakti as a path of social protest saint Ravidas (Shri Guru Ravidass Ji was born in the year 1377 CE. i.e. Bikrami Samvat 1433 (widely accepted by most scholars & institutions) to father Shri Santokh Dass Ji and Mother Kalsa Devi Ji in Chamar caste, also known as Kutbandhla, one of the Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh) did not only challenge the Brahmanical tradition caste-based system of social exclusion and untouchability practiced for ages in India. Bhakti is considered to be a privilege of the upper castes only In the Brahmanical social order but how & What made him distinct from his contemporaries was his low caste birth and the unique method of Bhakti that he deployed to challenge the oppressive structures of social dominations.

Saint Ravidass became prominent because he unleashed a frontal attack on the long tradition of social oppression and untouchability in the Hindu society. Though born and brought up in Uttar Pradesh province of North India, Saint Ravidass came to command large followings among Dalits of the state of Punjab, which he believed to have visited during his journeys towards Rajasthan. Another factor that made him further popular in Punjab is the inclusion of his Bani (spiritual poetry) in Granth Sahib, sacred scriptures of Sikh faith. His stature grew still further when the Ad Dharm movement made him its patron Saint and a political rallying point. His fellow low caste followers, who consider him Guru, dedicated to him temples, memorial halls, educational institutions/chairs, cultural organizations, and hospitals. They founded several missions to accurately establish facts about his life and works and to disseminate his message of compassion, equality, and brotherhood in India and abroad (Hawley 1988:270).[1]

Keywords: Saint Rabidas, Casteless Society, Silence movement, Local context, global issues

Das, R.K. (2022). Saint Rabidas A Silence Movement: A Case Study in the Perspective of both Local & Global Issues, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 129-148. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.09

Role of Women in Environmental Protection, Management and Development: A Study in North East India

BY :   Ranjan Das
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.149-160
Received: 23 March 2022  | Revised: 14 April 2022  | Accepted : 20 April 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.10 

Women play critical role in managing natural resources on family and community levels. In communities around the world, women manage water, sources for fuel, and food, as well as the both agricultural terrain. Across the world women play critical roles in relation to natural environment. North East India is the bio-diversity hotspot of India. This region is full of natural resources and people of this region is living with the nature .This paper tries to look out the role of women in environmental management. The major objective of this paper is to understand the role of women in environmental protection. This paper also tries to explore how the women of north east India is contributing towards managing the diversity of ecosystem. This paper is based on secondary data and qualitative by nature.

Keywords: Ecosystem, Bio-diversity, Environmental Management, Environmental Degradation,

Das, R. (2022). Role of Women in Environmental Protection, Management and Development: A Study in North East India, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 149-160. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.10

Pre-Natal and Post-Natal Avoidance, Acceptance, Antidotes and Taboos Among the Vas?v? Bhil Tribe of the Western India

BY :   Robert Gabriel Mac-Machado
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.161-181
Received: 29 March 2022  | Revised: 29 April 2022  | Accepted : 11 June 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.11 

The Vas?v? Bhil tribe is the sub-section of the Bhils, mainly dwelling in between two major rivers of the South Gujarat in the Western part of India. The belief in the celebrations of rites and rituals of life cycles (Rites of Passage) are universally practiced but their number and the stages vary from society to society and even tribe to tribe. For Vas?v?s culture it has a vital social significance thus these are conducted in a solely religious framework This article investigates pre and post natal acceptances, avoidances, antidotes, related taboos and other rites and rituals the community celebrates at large. The study was conducted in Vandari village of Narnada district of Gujarat. The findings reveal a dominant magico - religious approach with the help of traditional folk remedies to ward off the endangering threat to mother and child health.

Keywords: Life cycles, Pre/post natal care, Taboos, Antidotes, Vas?v? Bhil

Robert Gabriel Mac-Machado (2022). Pre-Natal and Post-Natal Avoidance, Acceptance, Antidotes and Taboos among the Vasava Bhil Tribe of the Western India, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 161-181. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.11

Health Seeking Behavior, Fertility and Mortality Trends among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in Visakha Agency Area of Andhra Pradesh, India

BY :   S. Narayana Rao
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.183-195
Received: 19 April 2022  | Revised: 29 May 2022  | Accepted : 06 June 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.12 


Rao, S.N. (2022). Health Seeking Behavior, Fertility and Mortality Trends among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in Visakha Agency Area of Andhra Pradesh, India, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 183-195. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.12

Satras Through The Eyes of an Udasin Bhakat

BY :   Rukshana Zaman
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.197-210
Received: 29 April 2022  | Revised: 18 May 2022  | Accepted : 16 June 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.13 

Around the early sixteenth century Srimanta Sankardeva, a vaisnava saint started preaching Neo-Vaisnavism in Assam. Popularly known as ekasarana nama-dharma the preaching’s of Srimanta Sankardev reached out to the masses through the kirtanghars or namghars (prayer halls). Thereafter, for many centuries the satras (monasteries) as the seat of learning has been preserving and practicing the ways taught by Srimanta Sankardev. The satras became the sanctum sanctorum for many bhakats (disciples) who gave up the worldly pleasures. These bhakats in the satras take up the path of brahmachari (celibacy) and through dance and music express their love for the ultimate being.

The present paper expounding on the anthropological research tool of life history, documents the life of Bhabananda Barbayan an udasin bhakat (celibate) from the Uttar Kamalabari satra of Majuli in Assam. Through his life history the paper seeks to reflect on the origin of the satras in Assam. This paper is a humble attempt to understand the functioning of the satra and the life of the udasin bhakats who spend their lives in the search of the ultimate being through songs and dance.

Keywords: satra, life history, Sankardeva, Neo-vaisnavism, bhakat

Zaman, R. (2022). Satras Through the Eyes of an Udasin Bhakat, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 197-210. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.13

Contribution of Maratha Rajas of Tanjore to Telugu Literature and Culture

BY :   Surendra Govindu
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.211-219
Received: 20 May 2022  | Revised: 30 May 2022  | Accepted : 04 June 2022  | Publication: 17 September 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.14 

Tanjore, historically a heartland of Chola kingdom, came under the influence of the Vijayanagara rule, about the third quarter of the fourteenth century, after the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Telugu Nayaka Governors under that empire became independent rulers, and Tanjore was the seat of a Telugu Nayaka dynasty from A.D. 1535 to 1673. After them same the Maratha and the brother of Shivaji the Great, founded the Tanjore Maratha dynasty which ruled from A.D. 1676 to 1855, which marked the beginning of cultural revival and blossoming of the artistic tradition. The Marathas of Tanjore maintained a separate identity from the date of its inception. In this paper an attempt has been made to deal with the contribution of Maratha Rajas of Tanjore to Telugu Literature and Culture. Telugu literature that flourished in their Maratha Raja’s period ruled over a part of the country is considered as a separate school in Telugu literature with distinct characteristics of its own. It is a glorious chapter in the History of Telugu Literature. These cultural traditions flourished and attained zenith under the Marathas of Tanjore.

Keywords: Shivaji, Maratha Raja’s, Tanjore Maratha dynasty, Telugu Literature, Vijayanagara Empire.

Govindu, S. (2022). Contribution of Maratha Rajas of Tanjore to Telugu Literature and Culture, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 211-219. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.14

Income Support and Household Welfare in India: Propensity Score Matching Estimation of the Effect of Elderly Women Old Age Pension on Household Consumption

BY :   T. Lakshmanasamy
Society and Culture Development in India, Year: 2022,  Vol.2 (1),  PP.221-237
Received: 25 April 2022  | Revised: 22 May 2022  | Accepted : 30 May 2022  | Publication: 17 June 2022 
Doi No.: https://DOI.ORG/10.47509/SCDI.2022.v02i01.15 

Women, especially in old age, are vulnerable to poverty and poor health. The social assistance provided by governments helps the households with elderly women in consumption and well-being. This paper analyses the effects of the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) on the well-being of households with elderly women in India using the 2011-2012 India Human Development Survey-II data and applying the nonparametric propensity score matching (PSM) method. The effect of pension amount received under IGNOAPS on household monthly per capita consumption expenditure is estimated. The IGNOAPS increases household monthly per capita consumption expenditure on food items, education and health by 8 percent and reduces household poverty. As the programme is unconditional cash transfers to the targeted elderly women, the entire household derives the larger benefits in terms of increased consumption. Thus, IGNOAPS is welfare improving.

Keywords: Elderly women, old age pension, IGNOAPS, programme participation, consumption expenditure, propensity score matching estimation

Lakshmanasamy, T. (2022). Income Support and Household Welfare in India: Propensity Score Matching Estimation of the Effect of Elderly Women Old Age Pension on Household Consumption, Society and Culture Development in India, 2: 1, pp. 221-237. https://doi.org/10.47509 /SCDI.2022.v02i01.15

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